LIONHEART’S AUTHOR’S NOTE–THE EDITED VERSION

Penman

I hit the road today for the Lionheart book tour, am looking forward to meeting some of you during the course of it.  Meanwhile, I thought it might be of interest to give a preview of my Author’s Note.  The final version sets a record even for me–11 pages.  This is the beginning, with several spoilers deleted so as not to give away plot twists for readers not familiar with the events of the Third Crusade who prefer to learn about it by reading the book.
AUTHOR’S NOTE

Richard I was never one of my favorite kings, although my knowledge of him was admittedly superficial. I saw him as one-dimensional, drunk on blood and glory, arrogant, ruthless, a brilliant battle commander, but an ungrateful son and a careless king, and that is the Richard who made a brief appearance in Here in Dragons. I saw no reason not to accept the infamous verdict of the nineteenth century historian, William Stubbs, that he was “a bad son, a bad husband, a bad king.”

So I was not expecting the Richard that I found when I began to research Devil’s Brood. I would eventually do a blog called “The Surprising Lionheart,” for after years of writing about real historical figures, I’d never before discovered such a disconnect between the man and the myth—at least not since I’d launched my writing career by telling the story of another king called Richard.

The more I learned about this Richard, the less I agreed with Dr Stubbs. I think Richard can fairly be acquitted of two of those three damning charges. I loved writing about Henry II. He was a great king—but a flawed father, and bears much of the blame for his estrangement from his sons. Certainly both Richard and Geoffrey had legitimate grievances, and it can be argued that they were driven to rebellion by Henry’s monu-mental mistakes; see Devil’s Brood. I bled for Henry, dying betrayed and brokenhearted at Chinon, but he brought so much of that grief upon himself.

Nor was Richard a bad king. Historians today give him higher marks than the Victorians did. Yes, he spent little time in England, but it was not the center of the uni-verse, was only part of the Angevin empire. After his return from his crusade and captivity in Germany, he found himself embroiled in a bitter war with the French king, and spent the last five years of his life defending his domains from Philippe Capet. The irony is that he has been criticized in our time for the very actions—his crusading and his military campaigns—that won him acclaim in his own world. By medieval standards, he was a successful king and historians now take that into consideration in passing judgment upon him.

He was, however, a bad husband, his infidelities notorious enough to warrant a lecture from the Bishop of Lincoln. Note that I say he was taken to task for adultery, not sodomy. I discussed the question of Richard’s sexuality at some length in the Author’s Note for Devil’s Brood, will not repeat it here since this Author’s Note is already going to rival a novella in length. Very briefly, the first suggestion that Richard preferred men to women as bedmates was not made until 1948, when it took root with surprising speed; I myself helped to perpetuate it in Here be Dragons, for I’d seen no need to do in-depth research for what was basically a walk-on role. But the actual “evidence” for this claim is very slight, indeed. I’ll address this issue again in A King’s Ransom, for that is where Richard will have his famous encounter with the hermit. The research I did for Devil’s Brood inclined me to be skeptical, and I am even more so after finishing Lionheart, for I had not realized the intensity of the hatred between Richard and Philippe. The French chroniclers accused Richard of arranging the murder of Conrad of Montferrat, of poison-ing the Duke of Burgundy, of plotting to kill Philippe by sending Assassins to Paris, of being bribed by the “godless infidels” and betraying Christendom by allying himself with Saladin. So why would they not have accused him of sodomy, a mortal sin in the Middle Ages, and a charge that would have stained his honor and imperiled his soul? If they’d had such a lethal weapon at hand, we can be sure they’d have made use of it.

Berengaria has remained in history’s shadows, a sad ghost, a neglected wife. She has not received the respect she deserves because her courage was the quiet kind; she was not a royal rebel like her formidable mother-in-law. She has been called a barren queen, unfairly blamed for the breakdown of her marriage. Since I knew of her unhappy marital history, I was somewhat surprised to discover that the marriage seems to have gotten off to a promising start. Because Richard shunned her company after he recovered his free-dom, I’d assumed this was true in the Holy Land, too. But Richard actually went to some trouble to have her with him when he could. It would have been easier and certainly safer to have had her stay in Acre instead of bringing her to Jaffa and, then, Latrun. We cannot be sure what caused their later estrangement, but I have some ideas; as a novelist, I have to, don’t I? I think we can safely say, though, that the greater blame was Richard’s.

What surprised me the most about Richard the man as opposed to Richard the myth? I already knew he was almost insanely reckless with his own safety, so it came as some-thing of a shock to learn that he was a cautious battle commander, that he took such care with the lives of his men. It is a fascinating paradox, and one which goes far toward explaining why he was loved by his soldiers, who seemed willing “to wade in blood to the pillars of Hercules if he so desired,” in the words of the chronicler Richard of Devizes.

It also surprised me to learn that his health was not robust, that he was often ill, for that makes his battlefield exploits all the more remarkable. The Richard of legend smolders like a torch, glowering, dour, and dangerous. But the Richard who comes alive in the chronicles had a sardonic sense of humor, could be playful and unpredictable; Baha al-Din reported that he habitually employed a bantering conversational style, so it wasn’t always easy to tell if he were serious or joking. And while I’d known he was well educated, able to jest in Latin and write poetry in two languages, I admit to being impressed when I discovered him quoting from Horace. Even his harshest critics acknowledge his military genius; he hasn’t always been given enough credit, though, for his intelligence. The mythical Richard is usually portrayed as a gung-ho warrior who cared only for blood, battles, and what he could win at the point of a sword, but the real Richard was no stranger to diplomatic strategy; he was capable of subtlety, too, and could be just as devious as his wily sire.

But I was most amazed by his behavior in the Holy Land, by his willingness to deal with the Saracens as he would have dealt with Christian foes, via negotiations and even a marital alliance. As tragic as the massacre of the Acre garrison was, it was done for what he considered valid military reasons, not because of religious bias, as I’d once thought. He was not the religious zealot I’d expected. The man who was the first prince to take the cross refused to lay siege to Jerusalem, alarmed his own allies by his cordial relations with the Saracens, and although he believed they were infidels, denied God’s Grace, he respected their courage. According to Baha al-Din, he formed friendships with some of Saladin’s elite Mamluks and emirs, even knighting several of them. That was the last thing I’d have imagined—knighting his infidel enemies in the midst of a holy war?

I don’t expect Lionheart to change the public perception of Richard I, any more than The Sunne in Splendour could compete with the Richard III of Shakespeare. But I do hope that my readers will agree with me that this Richard is much more complex and, therefore, more interesting, than the storied soldier-king. Perhaps I shouldn’t have been so surprised by what my research revealed. As an Australian friend, Glenne Gilbert, once observed astutely, “There had to be reasons why he was Eleanor’s favorite son.”

October 4, 2011

67 thoughts on “LIONHEART’S AUTHOR’S NOTE–THE EDITED VERSION”

  1. Very, very interesting, Sharon. I cannot wait to read Lionheart, if only for this author’s note.
    My attitude towards Richard has always been ambivalent. I didn’t think he was a bad king, but I wouldn’t give him high marks either. I think that he escaped that judgement in modern times, because some of the damage was either accidental, or because it was only evident in later reigns. His crusade and capture did drain the treasury, which caused many problems for John. And I think that even if it was needed, his constant focus on the mainland part of his empire caused separation of the ‘English’ nobles towards the Poitevin/Angevin/Norman/etc. nobles, not to mention making them more used to a lax hand, which proved deadly to John and Henry III [IV].
    Nevertheless, as you write, he was neither bad king nor bad son, and the antiquated judgement should be fixed. And Glenne’s comment is spot on.

  2. Any man who admired Horace enough to quote him had to have a sense of humour. Horace’s odes, and particularly his satires, are excellent, and for me he ranks second only to Virgil among the great Roman poets. Richard’s liking of poetry enhances his image as a great war leader and soldier by giving him an extra dimension ignored by most historians. Thank you Sharon. I hoped you would give us Richard, the man, and it seems by this comment alone that we shall be treated to probably the most in depth study of him to date in Lionheart.

  3. So, is it safe to say he was more like the Richard I of Robin Hood fame? I always loved that Richard. He does seem a little more heroic then given credit for in the 20th century. Can’t wait to read Lionheart.

  6. As I first learned about the real Richard III from Sunne, it now appears you will shatter the myths I’ve carried in my mind about Richard I through Lionheart. I hope to see you at Princeton, but that will depend on many factors, not the least of which is my being able to verify that I and my mate can get in after driving down from Connecticut.
    I will contact the bookstore tomorrow and hope I get some good news.
    Joan

  7. Joan, that would be wonderful it you could make it to Princeton! I’d love to meet you and my Sunne readers would love to know that you did what I could not–you managed to give Richard a happy ending! Do you know if your books will be available at the Barnes and Noble?
    The tour got off to a great start last night at Westchester. But right now I want to put the curse of the cat people on Mark Zuckerman. When I tried to log onto Facebook from my netbook, I was told my account was locked because they did not recognize my computer. So I had to answer security questions. You won’t believe what they were–five pages of photos of facebook friends that I had to identify! Now I have over 2,300 facebook friends, most of whom I’ve never seen. Not even Merlin could have done that. And the only alternative was to log in on a computer I’d used before. Now I used this one in France and at home, so they should have recognized it. As it is, I am frozen out and so can’t comment about the tour. So if any of my Facebook friends sees this, can you post there is nothing sinister in my silence? But I’d really like to send the idiots who came up with this idea right to the Tower and not the one being visited by tourists.

  8. Oh Sharon I’m sorry you are struggling with Facebook. If no one has posted yet, I’ll be sure to! It was great seeing you last night! I can’t wait to dive right into Lionheart tonight!!

  9. Sharon-I hope you don’t mind, I quickly went over to your Facebook page and wrote the following-
    Hi all-I just wanted to let everyone know that Sharon is currently experiencing Facebook problems and is unable to access her account. Hopefully Facebook will stop misbehaving and she will be able to post again shortly. In the meantime, she seems to be able to access her blog so if you would like to leave her questions, comments, etc, please feel free to visit http://www.sharonkaypenman.com!
    Hopefully everyone on your Facebook page will redirect their comments to the blog!
    P.S. You got some wonderful feedback from the tour last night! Everyone was so excited to see you!

  10. Read on breaks yesterday and all last night to finish Lionheart .. what a GEM. The best of the Angevins thus far IMHO. Closed my eyes to picture what you wrote .. Richard talking to Eleanor, like a God at the prow of the Sea Cleaver sailing towards Acre, with Joanna discussing his wife before the former discovers he is sick, Phillipe Capet’s inadequacies, Henri & Isabelle’s connection etc etc etc. What a wonderful day you gave me Sharon Kay Penman… as you have with your previous works .. mere words are not enough to thank you. Owen is right .. you gave us Richard the man in ways that no one has done before. I could quote scene after scene. He unfolded like a brilliant flower in the glorious sun. Now to find time today to get the word out that this book needs to be bought and read. Love, love, love, love it. I will be in Princeton to see you on the 15th .. can’t wait !!!!

  11. Sharon, I just got my computer back up. Ther really can be beasts.
    My copy of Lionheart just arrived and I am so excited to start reading it. I hope your tour goes well.

  12. Brenna, I’m copying what you wrote here in the event we’re only connected through Sharon.
    Sharon, I see others have posted to FB regarding your account travails, so if I can find these posts, I will share forward out to my followers, some of whom are sure to be different.
    B&N does carry my books, but mostly through their online store (paperback and Nook versions). I don’t know if Princeton has physical copies.
    Off to call the Princeton B&N.

  13. I just spoke to the event manager at the Princeton B&N and she thought I shouldn’t have an issue getting in. I’ll also be buying the at the event, so every thing you say will be brand-spanking-new to me. 🙂

  14. Hi Sharon, even though Lionheart isn’t released here in Australia yet I preordered from the Book Depository which is on it’s way as I speak. BUT, being the impatient thing I am I didn’t want to wait that long and managed to get it on my kindle (thanks to dear friends for showing me ways and means around things)
    I read 10 chapters last night and it is simply superb!! Loved the character of little Alicia as a perfect introduction to Joanna and Sicily and there are so many scenes already I absolutely love!!! Richard is so vibrant and already so fascinating. Thank you for another masterpiece.
    Off to do some more reading, reading, reading. I want to read as fast as I can but at the same time I want it to last!! Life is so good 🙂

  15. Sharon, you will be pleased to know that a core group of the Aussies are reading very happily. Fiona announced today that she had finished.
    A suggestion, do what Helen Hollick did and start a second account for the time that you are on tour and until you can sort things out again – something like Sharon Kay Penman Writer – then you could get onto your fan pages – Or just Sharon Penman.
    Anyway, we seem to be very excited, and two of us got our special orders here on October 4 our time at 10.00 am.
    Jel

  16. Sharon I too have encountered those pages of photos I am supposed to identify. Fortunately I only have a few hundred to choose from…It is a royal pain. There’s got to be a better way!
    I am enjoying Lionheart, and found myself making international connections during my read. I knew how much England and France connected, and vaguely knew about others. But now I am really seeing English history as world history in a way I never had before! (looking forward to seeing you this weekend!)
    In response to “So, is it safe to say he was more like the Richard I of Robin Hood fame?” That Richard is one of legend, as Robin Hood is. The Richard I in this book is a real live human being, with all the complexities that go with the title. (tho I admit loving the whole Robin Hood legend, probably even more than I like Arthurian lit!)

  17. Facebook continues to sabotage me with that lunatic demand that I identify some of my 2300 friends to unlock my account. Since I can’t access Facebook at all, I can’t open a new account, as suggested. And last night the little netbook proved to be a chip off Demon Spawn’s satanic block, for when i got back to the hotel, I couldn’t access my blog or Google, either. I didn’t have time to fool around with it as it was almost 1 AM (I’d had a wonderful reunion with dear friends I hadn’t seen in 15 years) I gave it up as a lost cause. Today I could get on the blog, haven’t checked Google yet. A fantastic reading again last night at Joseph-Beth, incredible audience. I have the world’s best readers, bar none! This morning I fly to Detroit and Lansing. I am so glad that Lionheat is getting off to such a good start. JoAnne, bless you for that amazing, detailed feedback. Nothing makes writes happier than to be told what scenes or characters resonate with readers. That is as rare as dragon’s teeth!

  18. And today, Lionel of Antwerp, 1st Duke of Clarence, Edward III’s son and the man from whom the House of York’s claim to the throne died.
    Also, today is the eve of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, so apologies and forgiveness to all, and an easy fast to those of us who will do so.

  21. Thank you, Cindy. Today, Isabelle of Angouleme was crowned Queen of England, and Louis XII of France married Mary Tudor.

  22. Looking forward to reading it! We got a copy as soon as it came out here (Chicago) and I was going to hold off to let my mother-in-law, also a great fan and in hospice care, read it first. Chemo has messed up her eyesight, though, and I’m not sure if anyone has done an audio book of LIONHEART yet…do you know if one such is available? Or planned?

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  24. Jim, I am sorry to hear of your mother-in-law’s health troubles. Lionheart will the first one of my novels to appear in audio book format. I was told it would be soon, will post the date as soon as I get it. Would a kindle be of any help? Being able to increase the font size might make reading easier for her.
    The tour has been wonderful so far, but I’ll have to wait till I get home to blog about it

  25. Sharon-
    I just finished Lionheart last night and loved it! Not that I am surprised, but I have to say this is now one of my favorites! Although Eleanor played a very minor role, having Joanna and Berengaria more than made up for it! Can’t wait for King’s Ransom!

  26. Hey Sharon, it was great to see you yesterday at Poisoned Pen bookstore in Scottsdale! What a great event, and great crowd! As I said, my favorite part of the book so far is how you’ve fleshed out Berenguela, and her relationship with Joanna. Can’t wait to finish the book, but then Im going to be bummed that it will be two more years to the next one!
    Hope you were able to enjoy this lovely fall weather we’ve been having, and hope you are able to get some rest in this worldwind tour!

  27. Going too B&N…tonight To pick up My Book ,Yea!! Just Finished, All of the Aubrury-Maturin Series!….Now For Sharons Latest,..Darker Nights and a Fire Here I Come!!.

  28. Looking forward to seeing you on Saturday, Sharon. I’ll have a batch or two of Welsh cakes to help you get your strength up. And I hope that B&N haven’t sold out of your books by Saturday. I haven’t bought my copy yet.
    Dave.

  30. Today, Robert I, Count of Dreux, the brother of Louis VII and a fierce enemy of the Plantagenets died.

  31. I too loved seeing you at the Poisoned Pen and loved hearing more about your writing and adventures. I am also glad to hear that you loved Llewelyn, too (I love so many others in your books but I think he’ll always be my favorite!) Thanks for sharing!

  32. Sharon, I just learned that the Princeton B&N has ordered two copies of both my books, so they will be there, as will I and my mate, Ed. I’m also planning on buying two copies, one for me and one for my parents–both in their 90s and both of whom love your writing. And while I have you to thank for learning about the real Richard III, I have my mom to thank for telling me about Sunne.

  33. I am home after a whirlwind tour that was tiring but lots of fun. I got to see old friends and make new ones. I will definitely do a blog about the tour and my experiences and the stories I heard. But I had to get up before dawn for three days running and I am so not an early morning person, so I plan to crash early tonight. Then I’ll have to catch up on all I missed on Facebook since they locked my account. I’ll also have to cater to Tristan’s every whim to make it up to him for his week in dog purgatory! And I’ll tell you about a book I started reading on the tour, which may be the best one I’ve ever read.

  34. Today, King John of England lost his crown jewels in The Wash, probably near Fosdyke, and William d’Aubigny, Earl of Arundel and husband to Adeliza of Louvain died.
    Also, it is Sukkot eve, so happy holiday to all who celebrate.

  35. Today in 1216 was a really bad day for King John, for he lost his treasure in the Wash and came close to losing his life. I’ll probably be doing a blog about my “mystery book.” It is brilliant, but it is based on one of history’s great tragedies, so I know what is coming and it is going to break my heart. That is how real and three-dimensional and sympathetic the characters are.

  36. I’ve always been interested in that incident (which I think I heard about for the first time from reading Here Be Dragons). I loved Eliz Chadwick’s take on it in her book Marshking’s Daughter
    Just finished Lionheart – wow, talk about some surprising twists that I didn’t see coming! Also wonder what would have happened if the French and the English actually worked together, or what would have happened if Richard’s overutures to Saladin bore fruit. I think what I liked best was what you so like about your mystery book: real, three dimensional and sympathetic characters, in an excellent story of course
    I do wonder – I suspect that the French have a different view of what happened between Phillipe and Richard. Do you recommend any reading on that score?

  37. Today, besides the Templars being attacked by Philip IV of France, Leonora of England, Queen of Castile and Eleanor and Henry’s daughter, was born, as well as Edouard of Lancaster, the son of Marguerite of Anjou and (supposedly) Henry VI [VII].

  38. Here is today’s Facebook Note. Thanks for the extra information, Koby; loved your “supposedly” aside. BTW, the mystery book should be of particular interest to you.
    A sad day in history, for on this date in 1307, the French king Philippe IV arrested the Templars. Since some of you are eager to learn about the book I found so compelling, I will try to do a blog about it today, and hope to have a blog about the tour up soon, too. I will also have some good news about Lionheart and Tristan.

  39. Today, the Battle of Hastings took place, where William of Normandy became de facto King of England with the death of Harold Godwinson. Also, Mary Queen of Scots went to trial for conspiring against Elizabeth I.

  40. Actually Koby, Edgar Aetheling was proclaimed King after Harold Godwinson. It’s just that Edgar was never crowned.

  41. Sharon, I may not be able to get to Princeton tomorrow. The water pump on my car died today, and I am having it replaced tomorrow, but I don’t know when it will be done. Hopefully I will get there though.

  42. Dave, I am sorry to hear that. Fingers crossed you make it and that the car repairs are not too expensive. And thanks again, Koby, for the Mary Queen of Scots reminder.
    Good news for Lionheart. It is #12 on the New York Times Bestseller list and also has made the USA Today list. Time and Chance got no higher than 15 and Devil’s Brood had a brief run at #19, so I am sure that wherever he is, heaven or hell, Richard is smiling. I figure that even after eight centuries, he still feels competitive with his sire!

  43. True Dave. But as you yourself wrote, he was never crowned, which is why I don’t count him. William had the advantage of already proclaiming himself heir to Edward, king and having won the title by conquest.

  44. Hi Sharon. Lovely to see you on tour in Ann Arbor. We thoroughly enjoyed the reading and question period. Well worth the drive to see you. My husband and I are leaving for the U.K. (including Wales) on Friday. Thank you for the Welsh recommendations. I’m dying to know the name of the book that you are teasing us about. If you tell us in time, I might be able to read it on the airplane!

  45. I was glad we got to meet, Susan. Nicola’s is one of my favorite bookstores. We had fun today, too, in Princeton; one friend even brought me some delicious Welsh cakes–Diolch yn fawr, Dave! Now that the tour is over, I will put up a blog about my mystery book, Susan, so if you decide you’d like to read it, there will be time to get it by Friday. I was reading it on my Kindle but I soon realized I wanted it in hardback, too, so I bought a copy from the Poisoned Pen. It will be up tomorrow, I promise!

  46. Thanks Sharon. I will look forward to the blog. I have a Kindle too, so there will be plenty of time to download the book. Like you, I get the books I especially like in hardback too. I have all of yours (including Lionheart) in both formats. Hope you get some time to relax now that the tour is over. You had a very packed schedule!

  47. Hey Sharon, someone let the cat out of the bag over at Historyonline! Should I share it here? 🙂

  49. Sure, Cindy. I am going to do a blog about it later today, but I also let the cat out of the bag yesterday when I was asked about it in Princeton. I was dreading the ending, but she found a way to make it at least tolerable while staying true to history–no mean feat!
    Echo is trying to get a young male shepherd, Kadin, from Missouri to Syracuse, NY this coming weekend. If you can help or know anyone who can, contact Jeanmarie at jgoday@comcast.net, 603-930-0792, or me. Thanks!
    Leg 2 Effingham, IL To Terre Haute,IN ***Time Change****
    Approx. 68 Miles 1 hour
    Leave Time 8:50 AM central time
    Arrive Time 10:50 AM eastern time
    *****NEEDED*****
    ****the remaining legs are all eastern time zone
    Leg 3 Terre Haute, IN To Indianapolis, IN
    Approx. 78 Miles 1 hour 10 min
    Arrive Time 11:00 AM
    Leave Time 12:10 PM
    *****NEEDED*****
    Leg 4 Indianapolis, IN To Richmond,IN
    Approx. 73 Miles 1 Hour 15 min
    Leave Time 12:20 PM
    Arrive Time 1:35 PM
    *****NEEDED*****
    Leg 5 Richmond, IN To Dayton, OH
    Approx. 50 miles 1 hour
    Leave Time 1:45 PM
    Arrive Time 2:45PM
    *****NEEDED*****
    Leg 6 Dayton, OH To Columbus, OH
    Approx. 75 miles 1 hour 15 min
    Leave Time 2:55 PM
    Arrive Time 4:10 PM
    *****NEEDED*****
    Leg 7 Columbus, OH To Mansfield, OH
    Approx. 66 miles 1 hour 10 min
    Leave Time 4:20 PM
    Arrive Time 5:30 PM
    *****NEEDED***
    Leg 8 Mansfield, OH to Cleveland, OH
    72 miles 1 hour 20 minutes
    Leave Time 5:40 PM
    Arrive Time 7:00 PM
    *****NEEDED***
    “”””Overnight in Cleveland OH””””
    *****NEEDED***
    TRANSPORT RESUMES
    SUNDAY OCTOBER 23
    Leg 9 Cleveland, OH To Ashtabula, OH
    Approx. 60 Miles 1 Hour
    Leave Time 8:00 AM
    Arrive Time 9:00 AM
    *****NEEDED***
    Leg 10 Ashtabula, OH to Erie, PA
    Approx 56 Miles Approx. 55 Minutes
    Leave Time: 9:10 AM
    Arrive Time: 10:05 AM
    *****NEEDED***
    Leg 11 Erie,PA To Fredonia,NY
    Approx. 53 Miles 55 Minutes
    Leave Time 10:15 AM
    Arrive Time 11:10 AM
    *****NEEDED***
    Leg 12 Fredonia, NY to Buffalo, NY
    Approx 45 Miles 45 Minutes
    Leave Time: 11:20 AM
    Arrive Time: 12:05 PM
    *****NEEDED**
    Leg 13 Buffalo, NY To Rochester, NY
    Approx. 76 miles 1 hour 15 min
    Leave Time 12:15 PM
    Arrive Time 1:30 PM
    *****NEEDED***
    Leg 14 Rochester, NY to Syracuse, NY
    Approx. 87 Miles Approx. 1 hour 30 min.
    Leave Time 1:40 PM
    Arrive Time 3:10 PM
    ****FILLED**** — Melanie – Thank you !!!!

  50. Yes, thank goodness they let the cat out of the bag, I was going to go nuts otherwise!! Now just to look it up!

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